It is generally accepted that the history of the Russian North begins at about the same time as the history of statehood in Russia. However, there are a lot of historical facts, artifacts pointing to its deep antiquity. The closeness of Russian and Sanskrit, the northern hydronymy mentioned in Indian epics, the fact that several thousand years ago the climate in the North was much warmer, all this suggests that Hyperborea is not fiction, but the ancestral home, from where, probably, the settlement of peoples along continent.